GETTIMEOFDAY(2)

NAME
gettimeofday, settimeofday - get / set time

SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/time.h>

int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, struct timezone *tz);
int settimeofday(const struct timeval *tv , const struct timezone *tz);

DESCRIPTION
gettimeofday and settimeofday can get and set the time as well as a timezone. tv is a timeval struct, as specified in /usr/include/sys/time.h:

struct timeval {
long	tv_sec;		/* seconds */
long	tv_usec;	/* microseconds */
};

The tv_sec member of the struct is the number of seconds since the Epoch (see time(2)), and tv_usec is the amount of microseconds past the current tv_sec value.

The tz argument is a timezone :

struct timezone {
int	tz_minuteswest; /* minutes W of Greenwich */
int	tz_dsttime;     /* type of dst correction */
};

The use of the timezone struct is obsolete; the tz_dsttime field has never been used under Linux - it has not been and will not be supported by libc or glibc. Each and every occurrence of this field in the kernel source (other than the declaration) is a bug. Thus, the following is purely of historic interest. The field tz_dsttime contains a symbolic constant (values are given below) that indicates in which part of the year Daylight Saving Time is in force. (Note: its value is constant throughout the year - it does not indicate that DST is in force, it just selects an algorithm.) The daylight saving time algorithms defined are as follows :

 DST_NONE    /* not on dst */
 DST_USA    /* USA style dst */
 DST_AUST    /* Australian style dst */
 DST_WET    /* Western European dst */
 DST_MET    /* Middle European dst */
 DST_EET    /* Eastern European dst */
 DST_CAN    /* Canada */
 DST_GB    /* Great Britain and Eire */
 DST_RUM    /* Rumania */
 DST_TUR    /* Turkey */
 DST_AUSTALT    /* Australian style with shift in 1986 */

Of course it turned out that the period in which Daylight Saving Time is in force cannot be given by a simple algorithm, one per country; indeed, this period is determined by unpredictable political decisions. So this method of representing time zones has been abandoned. Under Linux, in a call to settimeofday the tz_dsttime field should be zero.

Under Linux there is some peculiar `warp clock' semantics associated to the settimeofday system call if on the very first call (after booting) that has a non-NULL tz argument, the tv argument is NULL and the tz_minuteswest field is nonzero. In such a case it is assumed that the CMOS clock is on local time, and that it has to be incremented by this amount to get UTC system time. No doubt it is a bad idea to use this feature.

The following macros are defined to operate on a struct timeval :
#define	timerisset(tvp)\
((tvp)->tv_sec || (tvp)->tv_usec)
#define	timercmp(tvp, uvp, cmp)\
((tvp)->tv_sec cmp (uvp)->tv_sec ||\
(tvp)->tv_sec == (uvp)->tv_sec &&\
(tvp)->tv_usec cmp (uvp)->tv_usec)
#define	timerclear(tvp)\
((tvp)->tv_sec = (tvp)->tv_usec = 0)

If either tv or tz is null, the corresponding structure is not set or returned.

Only the super user may use settimeofday.

RETURN VALUE
gettimeofday and settimeofday return 0 for success, or -1 for failure (in which case errno is set appropriately).

ERRORS

EPERM
    settimeofday is called by someone other than the superuser.

EINVAL
    Timezone (or something else) is invalid.

EFAULT
    One of tv or tz pointed outside your accessible address space.

NOTE
The prototype for settimeofday and the defines for timercmp, timerisset, timerclear, timeradd, timersub are (since glibc2.2.2) only available if _BSD_SOURCE is defined (either explicitly, or implicitly, by not defining _POSIX_SOURCE or compiling with the -ansi flag).

CONFORMING TO
SVr4, BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO
date(1), adjtimex(2), time(2), ctime(3), ftime(3)